The load-bearing structure forms the structural backbone of every building and includes all elements that absorb and transfer forces: foundations, columns, beams, floors, walls, and arches. Structural engineering is a discipline in its own right, closely intertwined with architectural design. The choice of structural system fundamentally influences the spatial organization, material use, and appearance of a building. Common systems include skeletal frames, solid construction, portal frames, and truss structures. Modern structures in steel, concrete, or timber enable large spans and open floor plans. In contemporary architecture, the load-bearing structure is often deliberately exposed and used as a design element that unites construction and aesthetics.